The Future Is Here

Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words Artificial and Intelligence.
Artificial defines "man-made", and Intelligence defines "thinking power" or the ability to learn and solve problems" hence Artificial Intelligence means "a man-made thinking power." So, we can define Artificial Intelligence (AI) as the branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines which can behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions.

Intelligence is composed of:

• Reasoning
• Learning
• Problem Solving
• Perception
• Linguistic Intelligence

High-profile examples of AI include autonomous vehicles (such as drones and self-driving cars), medical diagnosis, creating art (such as poetry), proving mathematical theorems, playing games (such as Chess or Go), search engines (such as Google search), online assistants (such as Siri), image recognition in photographs, spam filtering, prediction of judicial decisions and targeting online advertisements AI deals with the area of developing computing systems that are capable of performing tasks that humans are very good at, for example recognizing and making sense of speech, and decision making in a constrained environment.

Advantages of Artificial Intelligence:

• Reasoning
• Learning
• Problem Solving
• Perception
• Linguistic Intelligence

Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence:

• High Cost
• Can't think out of the box
• No feelings and emotions
• Increase dependence on machines
• No Original Creativity

What is an IOT?

The Internet of Things (IOT) is the network of physical objects or "things" embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data.

How does IOT wok?

An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded processors, sensors and communication hardware to collect, send and act on data they acquire from their environments. IoT devices share the sensor data they collect by connecting to an IoT gateway or another edge device where data is either sent to the cloud to be analyzed or analyzed locally.

Four major components of IOT:

• Sensing Layer
• Network Layer
• Data Processing Layer
• Application Layer

What are an IOT Devices?

IoT devices are pieces of hardware, such as sensors, actuators, gadgets, appliances, or machines, that are programmed for certain applications and can transmit data over the internet or other networks. They can be embedded into other mobile devices, industrial equipment, environmental sensors, medical devices, and more.

Example of an IoT Device:

- Connected devices are part of an ecosystem in which every device talks to other related devices in an environment to automate home and industry tasks. They can communicate usable sensor data to users, businesses and other intended parties.

What Is an IoT Network?

An IoT network refers to a collection of devices such as sensors, gadgets, appliances, and software that communicate with each other and exchange information and data without the need for human intervention.

Three Common Types of IoT Networks:

• Enterprise Wi-Fi
• Private Cellular
• Bluetooth

Advantages of IOT:

• Real-Time Access to Information
• Emerging Businesses
• Advanced Data Collection
• Improved Efficiency
• Higher Productivity
• Improved Quality of Life
• Health and Safety

Disadvantages of IOT:

• High Internet Dependency
• No International Standardization
• Chance of System-Wide Corruption
• Relative Complexity
• Potential for Increased Unemployment Rates
• Privacy and Security
• Reduced Mental and Physical Activity

Augmented Reality is a combination of real scene viewed by a user and virtual scene genrated by a computer that augments the scene with an additional information. It is an enhanced version of the real physical world that is achieved through the use of digital visual elements, sound, or other sensory stimuli and delivered via technology. Examples are: Pokemon Go and IKEA Products.
Vitual Reality is the term used for computer generated 3D environments that allow the user to enter and interact with alternate realities.

Types of Vitual Reality:

• Immersive - a perception of being physically present in a non-physical world. (e.g. Flying in a parachute)
• Non Immersive - large display but doesn't surround the user. (e.g. Playing golf on a screen)
• Windows - desktop-based VR involves displaying a 3D virtual on regular desktop display without use of any specialized movement tracking environment.
  Output Devices: Headset, 3D audio, Sensing gloves.

Mixed Reality is an emergement technology that blends Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality. These days, mixed reality describes environments in which real and virtual subjects and objects interact in real time - and in which you can interact with both real and virtual components. This requires a headset that has either a transparent lens or a camera, so that you can still see the real world. Note that the Windows Mixed Reality headset is a VR headset with a camera.

What is Big Data?

Big Data is also data but with a huge size. Big Data is a term used to describe a collection of data that is huge in volume yet growing exponentially with time. That means, Data is so large and complex that none of the traditional data management tools are able to store it or process it efficiently.

Six V's of Big Data:

• Volume
• Value
• Variety
• Velocity
• Veracity
• Variability

Types of Big Data:

• Structured - Structured is one of the types of big data. We mean data that can be processed, stored, and retrieved in a fixed format. It refers to highly organized information that can be readily and seamlessly stored and accessed from a database by simple search engine algorithms. (e.g. Employee table in a company database)
• Unstructured - Any data with unknown form or the structure is classified as unstructured data. In addition to the size being huge, unstructured data poses multiple challenges in terms of its processing for deriving value out of it. (e.g. An output returned by 'Google Search')
• Semi-Structured - can contain both the forms of data. We can see semi-structured data as a structured in form but it is actually not defined with. (e.g. A data represented in an XML file.)

What is Cluster Computing?

A computer cluster consists of a set of loosely connected computers that works together so that in many respects they can be viewed as a single system. Clusters are commonly connected through fast local area networks.

Advantages of Cluster Computing:

• High Performance
• Easy to manage
• Scalable
• Expandability
• Availability
• Flexibility

Disadvantages of Cluster Computing:

• High cost
• Problem in finding fault
• More space is needed

The Apache Hadoop Software Library is a Framework that allows for the distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models. Hadoop is best known for MapReduce and its distributed file system (HDFS), and large-scale data processing.

Advantages of Hadoop:

• Varied Data Sources
• Cost-effective
• Performance
• Fault-Tolerant
• High Available
• Low Network Traffic
• High Throughput
• Open Source
• Scalable
• Ease to Use
• Compatability
• Multiple Languages Supported

Disadvantages of Hadoop:

• Issue With Small Files
• Vulnerable By Nature
• Processing Overhead
• Supports Only Batch Processing
• Iterative Processing
• Security

What is Cloud Computing?

A basic definition of Cloud Computing is the use of the internet for the tasks you perform on your computer. The 'Cloud' represents the Internet.

Advantages of Cloud Computing:

• Cost-effective
• Scalability
• Flexibility
• Disaster recovery
• Automatic updates

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing:

• Security
• Dependence on internet connectivity
• Limited Control
• Compliance and regulatory issues
• Cost Uncertainty

What is Quantum Computing?

Quantum Computing is a type of computing that relies on the principles of quantum mechanics to perform operations on data. In contrast to classical computers, which use binary digits (bits) to represent information, quantum computers use quantum bits (qubits), which can represent a combination of states simultaneously, allowing for exponentially faster computations.

In quantum computing, operations are performed on qubits using quantum gates, which manipulate the state of the qubits. These gates can be used to create complex quantum circuits that perform calculations much faster than classical computers. Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize fields such as cryptography, optimization, and machine learning, as well as enable new types of scientific simulations that are currently impossible.

Advantages of Quantum Computing:

• Speed
• Parallelism
• Quantum simulation

Disadvantages of Quantum Computing:

• Error Correction
• Limited functionality
• Cost

What is Smart Farming?

Smart Farming is using modern technology to increase the quantity and quality of agricultural products.

Objectives:

• Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes.
• Adapting building resilience to climate change
• Reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions, where possible.

Advantages of Smart Agriculture:

• Improved products
• Efficient management and cost-effective
• Low Risk
• Solar powered and mobile operated pumps save cost of electricity

Disadvantages of Smart Agriculture:

• Dependence on technology
• High implementation costs
• Data privacy and security concerns
• Limited access to internet and technology